rubbing

• اسم يدل على عملية الضغط والفرك على سطح، أو أثر ناتج عن ذلك، وعلى نسخة من رسم أو نقش تُحصل عليها بفرك مادة فوق سطح خشن.

A noun referring to the act or result of applying pressure and friction to a surface, or a copy of a design made by rubbing a material over a textured surface.

1. Action of rubbingB1formal

   The act of moving one surface against another with pressure.

   دَلْك

   • The rubbing of the cloth against the table left a mark.
   • A gentle rubbing of the sore muscle helped relieve the pain.
   • Constant rubbing can damage the surface of the wood.

   المرادفاتabrasionchafingfrictionrubscrubbing

2. Art reproduction techniqueB2formalart

   A copy of a design or texture made by placing paper over a surface and rubbing it with a pencil, chalk, or crayon.

   نقل بالسحق

   • She made a brass rubbing of the medieval tombstone.
   • The artist created a rubbing of the ancient stone carving.
   • Rubbings are often used to preserve the details of historical monuments.

   المرادفاتfrottageimpressionsqueeze

• فعل يدل على تحريك سطح على سطح آخر مع الضغط غالبًا، وذلك للتنظيف أو التسوية أو إزالة شيء أو إيصال أثر مادة.

A verb used to indicate the act of moving one surface against another, often with pressure, for cleaning, smoothing, or applying something.

1. Apply pressure and moveA2formal

   To move one's hand or an object back and forth over a surface while pressing, often to clean, dry, or soothe.

   يَدْعَكُ

   • She rubbed her eyes after waking up.
   • He rubbed the stain with a cloth to remove it.
   • The cat rubbed against my leg.

   المرادفاتchafemassagepolishscrapescrubstrokewipe

2. MassageB1formal

   To press and move your hands on a part of someone's body to reduce pain or help them relax.

   تدليك

   • The therapist rubbed my shoulders to relieve the tension.
   • He rubbed his sore muscles after the workout.
   • She gently rubbed the baby's back to help him sleep.

   المرادفاتkneadmanipulatemassagework

3. Cause frictionB1formal

   To cause something to move against something else, often resulting in wear or irritation.

   حكّ

   • The new shoes rubbed against my heels and caused blisters.
   • The rope rubbed against the rock, fraying over time.
   • The collar of the shirt rubbed his neck uncomfortably.

   المرادفاتabradechafecorradegrategrindscrapewear

الصيغ المركّبةrub alongrub downrub offrub out