rubbing

• 名词，指施加压力并摩擦表面的动作或其结果，也指将材料在纹理表面上摩擦而得到的图案副本（拓印）。

A noun referring to the act or result of applying pressure and friction to a surface, or a copy of a design made by rubbing a material over a textured surface.

1. Action of rubbingB1formal

   The act of moving one surface against another with pressure.

   摩擦

   • The rubbing of the cloth against the table left a mark.
   • A gentle rubbing of the sore muscle helped relieve the pain.
   • Constant rubbing can damage the surface of the wood.

   同义词abrasionchafingfrictionrubscrubbing

2. Art reproduction techniqueB2formalart

   A copy of a design or texture made by placing paper over a surface and rubbing it with a pencil, chalk, or crayon.

   拓印

   • She made a brass rubbing of the medieval tombstone.
   • The artist created a rubbing of the ancient stone carving.
   • Rubbings are often used to preserve the details of historical monuments.

   同义词frottageimpressionsqueeze

• 动词，表示使一个表面在另一个表面上移动，通常带有压力，用于清洁、弄平或涂抹某物。

A verb used to indicate the act of moving one surface against another, often with pressure, for cleaning, smoothing, or applying something.

1. Apply pressure and moveA2formal

   To move one's hand or an object back and forth over a surface while pressing, often to clean, dry, or soothe.

   摩擦

   • She rubbed her eyes after waking up.
   • He rubbed the stain with a cloth to remove it.
   • The cat rubbed against my leg.

   同义词chafemassagepolishscrapescrubstrokewipe

2. MassageB1formal

   To press and move your hands on a part of someone's body to reduce pain or help them relax.

   按摩

   • The therapist rubbed my shoulders to relieve the tension.
   • He rubbed his sore muscles after the workout.
   • She gently rubbed the baby's back to help him sleep.

   同义词kneadmanipulatemassagework

3. Cause frictionB1formal

   To cause something to move against something else, often resulting in wear or irritation.

   摩擦

   • The new shoes rubbed against my heels and caused blisters.
   • The rope rubbed against the rock, fraying over time.
   • The collar of the shirt rubbed his neck uncomfortably.

   同义词abradechafecorradegrategrindscrapewear

短语动词变体rub alongrub downrub offrub out