turbulence

• Существительное, обозначающее нестабильное, нерегулярное течение жидкости или газа, часто используемое для описания тряски во время полёта или состояния сильного возмущения и беспорядка в социальном или политическом контексте.

A noun referring to unstable, irregular flow of a fluid or gas, often used to describe bumpy air conditions during flight or a state of violent disturbance and disorder in social or political contexts.

неисчисляемое

1. Unstable flow of fluidB2formalscientific

   Irregular and chaotic movement of a liquid or gas, characterized by eddies and unpredictable changes.

   Турбулентность

   • The turbulence in the river made swimming dangerous.
   • Engineers study turbulence to improve aircraft design.
   • The flow of water in the pipe became turbulent at high speeds.

   Синонимыturbulency

2. Atmospheric instabilityB1formalscientific

   Irregular and unpredictable movement of air in the atmosphere, often causing bumpy flights.

   Турбулентность

   • The pilot warned us about turbulence ahead.
   • We experienced severe turbulence during the storm.
   • Clear-air turbulence can occur without warning.

   Синонимыbumpinesschoppinessroughness

   Антонимыcalmstabilitystillness

3. Social or political disorderB2formal

   A state of violent disturbance, confusion, or instability in society, politics, or other systems.

   Нестабильность

   • The country experienced political turbulence after the election.
   • Economic turbulence led to widespread protests.
   • The region has been in a state of turbulence for decades.

   Синонимыagitationchaoscommotionconvulsiondisorderdisturbanceinstabilityturmoilunrestupheaval

   Антонимыcalmharmonyorderpeacestability