turbulence

• Nom désignant un écoulement instable et irrégulier d'un fluide ou d'un gaz, souvent utilisé pour décrire les secousses pendant un vol, ou un état de forte agitation et de désordre dans un contexte social ou politique.

A noun referring to unstable, irregular flow of a fluid or gas, often used to describe bumpy air conditions during flight or a state of violent disturbance and disorder in social or political contexts.

indénombrable

1. Unstable flow of fluidB2formalscientific

   Irregular and chaotic movement of a liquid or gas, characterized by eddies and unpredictable changes.

   Turbulence (écoulement instable)

   • The turbulence in the river made swimming dangerous.
   • Engineers study turbulence to improve aircraft design.
   • The flow of water in the pipe became turbulent at high speeds.

   Synonymesturbulency

2. Atmospheric instabilityB1formalscientific

   Irregular and unpredictable movement of air in the atmosphere, often causing bumpy flights.

   Turbulence atmosphérique

   • The pilot warned us about turbulence ahead.
   • We experienced severe turbulence during the storm.
   • Clear-air turbulence can occur without warning.

   Synonymesbumpinesschoppinessroughness

   Antonymescalmstabilitystillness

3. Social or political disorderB2formal

   A state of violent disturbance, confusion, or instability in society, politics, or other systems.

   Turbulence sociale ou politique

   • The country experienced political turbulence after the election.
   • Economic turbulence led to widespread protests.
   • The region has been in a state of turbulence for decades.

   Synonymesagitationchaoscommotionconvulsiondisorderdisturbanceinstabilityturmoilunrestupheaval

   Antonymescalmharmonyorderpeacestability