arduous

• 形容任务或活动艰难、费力，需要付出很大努力并令人疲惫。

Describes a task or activity that is difficult, tiring, and requires a lot of effort.

1. Physically demandingB2formal

   Involving or requiring a lot of effort and energy, often to the point of exhaustion.

   艰苦费力的

   • The arduous climb up the mountain left them breathless.
   • She completed the arduous marathon despite the heat.
   • The soldiers endured an arduous training exercise.

   同义词backbreakingdemandingexhaustinggruelinghardlaboriouspunishingstrenuoustaxingtough

   反义词easyeffortlesslightsimpleundemanding

2. Testing enduranceB2formal

   Challenging one's stamina, patience, or strength to the maximum.

   考验耐力的

   • The long journey through the desert was arduous and dangerous.
   • He faced an arduous legal battle to prove his innocence.
   • The arduous process of recovery tested her willpower.

   同义词backbreakingdemandingexhaustinggruelinghardheavylaboriouspunishingrigorousseverestrenuoustaxingtoilsometoughtryingwearing

   反义词easylightsimpletrivialundemanding

3. Mentally challengingB2formal

   Requiring significant mental effort, skill, or concentration to accomplish.

   脑力艰巨的

   • Writing a thesis is an arduous intellectual task.
   • The puzzle was so arduous that few could solve it.
   • Learning a new language can be an arduous but rewarding experience.

   同义词challengingdemandingdifficultformidablehardrigoroustaxingtough