immunity

• 名词，指对某种疾病、毒素或影响具有抵抗力的状态，通常得益于生物防御机制；也可指法律上的免除或豁免。

A noun referring to the state of being resistant or not susceptible to a particular disease, toxin, or influence, often through biological defenses or legal exemption.

不可数

1. Resistance to diseaseB2formalmedical

   The condition in which an organism can resist or fight off infection or disease.

   免疫力

   • Vaccination helps build immunity against the flu.
   • Her immunity was weakened after the illness.
   • Some people have natural immunity to certain viruses.

   同义词defenseprotectionresilienceresistancetolerance

   反义词liabilitysusceptibilityvulnerability

2. Legal exemptionB2formallegal

   An exemption granted to someone from a legal obligation, penalty, or prosecution.

   法律豁免

   • The witness was granted immunity from prosecution.
   • Diplomatic immunity protects foreign officials from local laws.
   • The senator claimed immunity under parliamentary privilege.

   同义词amnestyexemptionimpunityindemnityprivilege

   反义词accountabilityculpabilityexposureliabilitysusceptibility

3. State of being unaffectedC1formal

   The quality of being unaffected or not influenced by something.

   不受影响

   • The material has immunity to corrosion.
   • His confidence gave him immunity to criticism.
   • The system has built-in immunity to certain types of errors.

   同义词imperviousnessinvulnerabilityresistance

   反义词susceptibilityvulnerability