realism

• 名词，指注重实际、基于现实的生活态度和处事方式；也指哲学上认为事物独立于感知而存在的学说，以及强调细致、写实描绘的艺术流派。

A noun referring to a practical, factual approach to life and situations, as well as a philosophical doctrine that objects exist independently of perception, and an artistic movement emphasizing detailed, realistic depiction.

不可数

1. Practical attitudeB2formal

   The quality of accepting situations as they are and dealing with them in a practical, sensible way.

   现实主义

   • Her realism helped the team focus on achievable goals.
   • He approached the budget with a sense of realism.
   • Realism is essential when planning a long-term project.

   同义词common sensepracticalitypragmatism

   反义词idealismimpracticalityoptimismunrealismutopianism

2. State of being realB2formal

   The condition of being actual, factual, or existing in reality.

   真实性

   • The realism of the threat was undeniable.
   • We must acknowledge the realism of the situation.
   • The film's realism made it deeply moving.

3. Philosophical doctrine (objects)C1formal

   The philosophical view that physical objects exist independently of being perceived by a mind.

   实在论

   • Realism argues that a tree continues to exist even when no one is looking at it.
   • The debate between realism and idealism is central to metaphysics.
   • Many scientists adopt a form of realism about the physical world.

   反义词idealismnominalismsubjectivism

4. Art movementB2formalart

   A 19th-century artistic movement in France that aimed to depict subjects accurately and truthfully, without idealization.

   现实主义

   • Gustave Courbet was a leading figure in the realism movement.
   • Realism in art focused on everyday life and ordinary people.
   • The painting is a masterpiece of 19th-century realism.

   同义词naturalism

5. Philosophical doctrine (abstract concepts)C1formal

   The philosophical position that abstract entities, such as numbers or universals, exist independently of human thought or language.

   实在论（哲学学说）

   • Plato's theory of forms is an early example of realism about abstract concepts.
   • Realism about numbers holds that they exist even if no one is thinking about them.
   • The debate between nominalism and realism is ongoing in philosophy.

   同义词platonism