under

• حرف جر وظرف يدلان على وضع شيء في موضع أدنى من شيء آخر أو تحته، وقد يدل على القلة والنقصان.

A preposition and adverb indicating a position lower than or below something else.

1. Located below or beneathA2formal

   Situated directly below or underneath something else.

   تحت

   • The under layer of the cake was chocolate.
   • The under part of the table is scratched.
   • The under surface of the leaf is rough.

   المرادفاتbelowbeneathlowernetherunderneath

   الأضدادaboveover

2. Lower in rank or authorityB1formal

   Having a lower position in a hierarchy or being subordinate to someone.

   مَرْؤوس

   • The under officers reported to the captain.
   • She was an under manager in the company.
   • The under staff followed the director's orders.

   المرادفاتinferiorjuniorlowersecondarysubalternsubordinatesubservient

   الأضدادaboveoversuperior

• ظرف يدل على الوقوع في وضع أدنى أو الانتقال إلى موضع أخفض، أو على كون الكمية أقل من المستوى أو الحد المطلوب.

An adverb meaning 'in or to a lower position' or 'less than the required amount.' It is used to indicate movement below something or a state of being beneath a certain level or threshold.

1. Down to defeat, death, or ruinB2formal

   In a state of being overcome, destroyed, or brought to an end.

   إلى الهلاك

   • The company went under due to financial mismanagement.
   • The old regime finally went under after years of protests.
   • He felt himself going under as the waves crashed over him.

   المرادفاتdownout

2. Through a range downwardB2formal

   Moving or extending through a sequence or scale from higher to lower.

   إلى أسفل

   • The prices for the items ranged from $10 and under.
   • Children aged 12 and under get a discount.
   • The temperature dropped to 10 degrees and under.

   المرادفاتdowndownwarddownwards

3. Into unconsciousnessB2informal

   Entering a state of sleep or lack of awareness, often due to anesthesia or exhaustion.

   تحت تأثير المخدر

   • The patient went under for the surgery.
   • After the long day, he finally went under and slept deeply.
   • She was put under for the dental procedure.

   المرادفاتout

4. In or into a state of subordination or subjugationB2formal

   Being in a position of being controlled, dominated, or subjected to authority.

   تحت السيطرة

   • The rebels were brought under by the government forces.
   • He kept his emotions under during the stressful meeting.
   • The new manager brought the chaotic department under.

5. Below some quantity or limitB1formal

   Less than a specified amount, number, or threshold.

   أقل من

   • The cost came in under budget.
   • The project was completed under the deadline.
   • The temperature fell under freezing point.

   المرادفاتbelowbeneath

   الأضدادover

6. Below the horizonB2formal

   In a position where something is hidden from view, especially the sun or moon.

   تحت الأفق

   • The sun went under at 6 PM.
   • The moon was under, making the night very dark.
   • We watched the stars appear as the sun went under.

   المرادفاتbelowbeneathdown

   الأضدادaboveoverup

7. Down belowA2formal

   In a lower position or location, physically beneath something.

   في الأسفل

   • The cat hid under the bed.
   • The treasure was buried under the old oak tree.
   • She looked under the table for her keys.

   المرادفاتbelowbeneathunderneath

   الأضدادaboveoverup

8. Further downB1formal

   In a position that is lower or deeper along a path, line, or sequence.

   أسفل

   • The answer is listed further under in the document.
   • The village is located under the mountain pass.
   • Scroll under to see the next section.

   المرادفاتbelowbeneathunderneath

   الأضدادaboveover

• حرف جر يدل على الانخفاض أو الدنوّ مكانياً، وعلى القِلّة أو الدونية، وعلى الخضوع أو التبعية، وعلى الظرف أو الحالة، وعلى الاستناد أو المرجعية.

The preposition 'under' indicates a position below something, being covered by a surface, an amount less than a given value, an age younger than the one stated, a state caused by something, subordination to control, action according to a law or agreement, a process being undergone, the use of a pseudonym, or a place in a section of a book.

1. Position below somethingA1formal

   Indicates that something is located below another object, often touching or close to its lower surface.

   تحت

   • Have you looked under the bed?
   • The dog squeezed under the gate
   • She placed the ladder under the window

2. Beneath a surface / covered by somethingA2formal

   Indicates that something is beneath the surface of water, earth or another covering material.

   تحت، تحت سطح

   • The boat lay under several feet of water
   • Mushrooms grow under the leaves
   • The keys were buried under the sand

3. Less than / younger than (amount, age, time)A1formal

   Used for a value below a particular number, age or length of time.

   أقل من، أصغر من، دون

   • an annual income of under £10,000
   • Nobody under 18 is allowed to buy alcohol
   • It took us under an hour

4. Under the influence of / in a state ofB1formalmedical

   Indicates the state of a person or thing affected by a physical, emotional or medical factor.

   تحت، في حالة، تحت تأثير

   • The wall collapsed under the strain
   • I've been feeling under stress lately
   • You'll be under anaesthetic

5. Under the control / direction ofB1formalbusiness

   Indicates subordination to the authority, management or control of a person, organization or system.

   تحت إشراف، تحت سيطرة، في تبعية

   • The country is now under martial law
   • She has a staff of 19 working under her
   • Under its new conductor, the orchestra has improved

6. According to a law / agreementB2formallegal

   Used to refer to a legal document, an agreement, a system of rules or the terms of a guarantee.

   وفقًا لـ، بموجب، حسب

   • A man was detained under the Mental Health Act
   • Under the terms of the lease you had no right to sublet
   • Is the television still under guarantee?