above

• صفة تُستخدم للدلالة على شيء يقع في مستوى أعلى أو سابق الذكر في النص. تشمل معانيها: المذكور سابقًا، والأعلى مكانة أو مستوى.

An adjective used to describe something that is located at a higher level or mentioned earlier in a text.

1. Previously mentionedB1formal

   Referring to something that has been stated or written earlier in the same text.

   المذكور آنفًا

   • Please refer to the above statement for clarification.
   • The above paragraph explains the main concept.
   • The above information is confidential.

   المرادفاتabove-mentionedaforementionedaforesaidforegoingprecedingpreviousprior

   الأضدادbelowfollowingunderneath

2. Located higherA2formal

   Situated in a higher position or place.

   أعلى

   • The above floor houses the executive offices.
   • The above shelf contains the reference books.
   • The above window offers a beautiful view.

   المرادفاتelevatedoverheadupper

   الأضدادbelowbeneathunderunderneath

• ظرف يدل على موقع أعلى أو مستوى أعلى، أو على شيء سبق ذكره في النص، أو على درجة أكبر. يستخدم للإشارة إلى ما هو أعلى مكانة أو ما تقدم في الكلام.

An adverb meaning 'in a higher position,' 'earlier in a text,' or 'to a higher degree.' It is used to refer to something previously mentioned or located at a higher level.

1. Earlier in a textB1formal

   Referring to a previous part of a written document or book.

   أعلاه

   • Please refer to the examples given above.
   • The above statement is incorrect.
   • As mentioned above, the deadline is next Friday.

   المرادفاتbeforepreviously

   الأضدادbelow

2. At a higher positionA2formal

   In or to a place that is physically higher than something else.

   في الأعلى

   • The stars shone brightly above.
   • We could hear the birds singing above.
   • The plane flew high above.

   المرادفاتaloftoverheadupupwards

   الأضدادbelowbeneathunder

• اسم يشير إلى شيء ذُكِرَ سابقًا في نص مكتوب، مثل فقرة أو عبارة سابقة.

A noun referring to something mentioned earlier in a written text, such as a preceding section or statement.

غير معدود

1. Earlier part of a textB1formal

   A section or passage that appears earlier in the same written document.

   ما سبق ذكره

   • Please refer to the above for more details.
   • The above explains the main concept clearly.
   • As stated in the above, the deadline is next week.

   المرادفاتaforementionedaforesaidforegoingpreceding

   الأضدادbelow

2. Higher positionB1formal

   A location or place that is situated at a higher level.

   الأعلى

   • The above of the mountain is covered in snow.
   • From the above, you can see the entire valley.
   • The above of the shelf holds the heaviest books.

   الأضدادbelowbeneathunderneath

• حرف جر يدل على العلوّ والارتفاع الحسّي أو المكاني، وعلى التجاوز في الرتبة أو المقدار أو المستوى أو المعيار.

A preposition used to indicate a higher position than something else, or more than a certain level, amount, or standard.

1. higher than somethingA2formal

   used to indicate a position at a higher level than something else

   فوق شيء

   • The lamp hangs above the table.
   • There is a painting above the fireplace.
   • The temperature is above zero.

2. more than a level or amountA2formal

   used to indicate that something exceeds a particular number, amount, or level

   أكثر من مستوى أو كمية

   • Children above 12 must pay.
   • The score is above average.
   • Temperatures rose above 30 degrees.

3. not influenced by somethingB2formal

   used to indicate that someone is not affected by or is superior to something

   فوق تأثير شيء أو خارج عنه

   • She is above suspicion.
   • He is above such behavior.
   • They believe they are above the law.

4. in a higher place in textB1formal

   used to refer to something mentioned earlier in a text

   أعلى في النص

   • See the example above.
   • As mentioned above, the results vary.
   • Refer to the chart above.