grinding

Describes something that is harsh, grating, or relentless; often used to describe a difficult or monotonous situation.

ruОписывает что-то резкое, скрежещущее или безжалостное; часто используется для описания трудной или монотонной ситуации.esDescribe algo que produce fricción o un sonido áspero y chirriante, o que resulta agotador, implacable o monótono, especialmente en situaciones difíciles o repetitivas.frDécrit quelque chose de rude, grinçant ou impitoyable ; souvent utilisé pour une situation difficile, épuisante ou monotone.deBeschreibt etwas Scharfes, Knirschendes oder Unbarmherziges; wird oft für eine schwierige oder monotone Situation verwendet.ptDescreve algo agudo, rangente ou implacável; também é usado para situações difíceis, exaustivas ou monótonas.zh形容磨擦时刺耳的声音；也形容令人疲惫、单调、没完没了或严酷无情的事物，如繁重的工作或贫困的生活。arيصف شيئًا قاسيًا أو صريريًا أو لا يرحم؛ يُستخدم غالبًا لوصف وضع شاق أو رتيب.

1. Continuous and oppressive C1 formal

   Describing a situation that is relentless, harsh, and causes exhaustion or suffering.

   • The grinding poverty in the region is heartbreaking.
   • He endured the grinding routine of the factory work.
   • The grinding pressure of the job led to his burnout.

   ruИзнурительныйesagotador e implacablefraccablant, oppressantdeZermürbendptExaustivo e opressivozh折磨人的arمُنهِك وقاهر

   Synonymes: burdensomecrushingexhaustingharshoppressiverelentlessunrelentingwearing

   Antonymes: easygentlelenientlightmild

2. Harsh and monotonous B2 informal

   Describing a sound or action that is rough, repetitive, and unpleasant.

   • The grinding noise from the engine was unbearable.
   • She could hear the grinding sound of metal against metal.
   • The grinding rhythm of the old machine kept him awake.

   ruСкрипучийesRechinante y monótonofrStrident et monotonedeSchleifend und monotonptMonótono e desgastantezh刺耳单调的arمُزعِج ورتيب

   Synonymes: discordantdroninggratingharshjarringmonotonousraspingstrident

   Antonymes: harmoniousmelodiouspleasantsmooth

• more grinding comparative form
• most grinding superlative form

indénombrable

A noun referring to the act or process of reducing something to small particles or powder by crushing or friction, or a continuous, monotonous, and often laborious activity.

ruСуществительное, обозначающее действие или процесс измельчения чего-либо до мелких частиц или порошка путем дробления или трения, а также непрерывную, монотонную и часто утомительную деятельность.esSustantivo que denota la acción o proceso de reducir algo a partículas finas o polvo mediante trituración o fricción, así como una actividad continua, monótona y a menudo tediosa.frNom désignant l'action ou le processus de réduire quelque chose en petites particules ou en poudre par broyage ou friction, ainsi qu'une activité continue, monotone et souvent pénible.deSubstantiv, das die Handlung oder den Prozess des Zerkleinerns von etwas zu feinen Partikeln oder Pulver durch Mahlen oder Reiben bezeichnet, sowie eine kontinuierliche, monotone und oft ermüdende Tätigkeit.ptSubstantivo que designa a ação ou o processo de reduzir algo a partículas finas ou pó por meio de trituração ou atrito, bem como uma atividade contínua, monótona e frequentemente cansativa.zh指将某物磨碎成细小颗粒或粉末的动作或过程，也指持续、单调、常令人疲惫的活动。arاسم يشير إلى عملية طحن شيء ما حتى يصبح جزيئات صغيرة أو مسحوقًا عن طريق السحق أو الفرك، وكذلك إلى نشاط مستمر ورتيب ومرهق في كثير من الأحيان.

1. Act of crushing B1 formal

   The action of reducing something to small particles or powder by crushing or friction.

   • The grinding of coffee beans fills the kitchen with aroma.
   • The machine is used for the grinding of spices.
   • He could hear the grinding of stones in the quarry.

   ruИзмельчениеesmoliendafrbroyagedeZerkleinerungptMoagemzh研磨arالطحن

   Synonymes: abrasioncrushinggranulationgratingmillingpoundingpulverization

2. Monotonous hard work B2 informal

   A difficult, repetitive, and tiring activity or routine.

   • The daily grinding of a nine-to-five job can be exhausting.
   • She was tired of the grinding of her routine.
   • The grinding of preparing for exams left him drained.

   ruИзнурительная рутинаestrabajo monótono y agotadorfrtravail pénible et répétitifdeStumpfsinnige PlackereiptRotina exaustivazh枯燥繁重的苦差事arعمل شاق ورتيب

   Synonymes: drudgerygrindlaborrat raceslogsweattoiltreadmill

• grindings plural form
• grindings' possessive plural form
• grinding's possessive singular form

verbe irrégulier

A verb used to indicate the act of reducing something to small particles or powder by crushing or friction, or to work or study with intense effort.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия по измельчению чего-либо до мелких частиц или порошка путём дробления или трения, а также для обозначения интенсивной работы или учёбы.esVerbo que se usa para referirse a la acción de reducir algo a partículas finas o polvo mediante trituración o fricción, así como para indicar trabajo o estudio intenso y continuo.frVerbe désignant l'action de réduire quelque chose en fines particules ou en poudre par broyage ou frottement, ainsi que le fait de travailler ou d'étudier intensément.deVerb, das das Zerkleinern von etwas zu feinen Partikeln oder Pulver durch Mahlen oder Reiben bezeichnet, sowie intensives Arbeiten oder Lernen.ptVerbo usado para designar a ação de reduzir algo a partículas pequenas ou pó por meio de trituração ou atrito, e também para indicar trabalho ou estudo intenso e exaustivo.zh动词，指通过碾压或摩擦将某物磨碎成细小的颗粒或粉末；也可表示刻苦用功或辛勤工作。arفعل يدل على تحويل شيء إلى جزيئات صغيرة أو مسحوق بالدقّ أو السحق أو الطحن، كما يُستعمل مجازًا للإشارة إلى العمل أو الدراسة بجدّ ومثابرة ولفترة طويلة.

1. Crush into small pieces A2 formal

   To reduce something to small particles or powder by rubbing or crushing.

   • She grinds coffee beans every morning for fresh coffee.
   • The mill grinds wheat into flour.
   • He ground the spices with a mortar and pestle.

   ruИзмельчатьesmolerfrMoudre / broyerdeZermahlenptMoerzh磨碎arطحن

   Synonymes: crumbcrushgranulatemashmillpoundpowder

2. Work hard or monotonously B2 informal

   To work or study with intense effort, often in a repetitive or tedious manner.

   • He grinds away at his homework every night.
   • She's been grinding for the final exams all week.
   • They grind through the same routine day after day.

   ruУсердно работатьestrabajar duro o de forma monótonafrtravailler dur ou de façon monotonedeSchuftenptTrabalhar durozh刻苦努力arالعمل بجد

   Synonymes: drudgelaborplodslaveslogsweattoil

   Antonymes: idleloafplayrelax

3. Rub or press harshly B1 formal

   To press or rub something against a surface with force, often causing friction or wear.

   • The car's brakes ground against the metal.
   • He ground his teeth in frustration.
   • The gears grind loudly when they need oil.

   ruТереть или давить с силойesfrotar con fuerzafrfrotter violemmentdeReiben oder stark drückenptEsfregar ou pressionar com forçazh用力摩擦或按压arالطحن أو الضغط بقوة

   Synonymes: abradecrunchgnashgrateraspscrapewear down

• ground past participle
• ground past simple
• grinding present participle
• grinds third person singular

Variantes phrasal: grind awaygrind downgrind out