barbarism

• 名词，指残忍、野蛮或未开化的行为，常以极端残暴或缺乏文明为特征。

A noun referring to a brutal, barbarous, or savage act, often characterized by extreme cruelty or lack of civilization.

1. Brutal or savage actC1formal

   An extremely cruel, violent, or uncivilized action.

   野蛮行为

   • The invasion was marked by unspeakable barbarism.
   • History is filled with examples of human barbarism.
   • They condemned the act as pure barbarism.

   同义词atrocitybarbaritybrutalitycrueltyinhumanityoutragesavagery

   反义词benevolencecivilizationcompassionhumanitykindness

2. State of being uncivilizedC1formal

   A condition of being primitive, lacking culture, refinement, or social organization.

   野蛮状态

   • The tribe lived in a state of barbarism before contact.
   • The philosopher argued that war leads to barbarism.
   • The region descended into barbarism after the collapse of the government.

   同义词barbarityprimitivenesssavagerywildness

   反义词civilizationcultureenlightenmentrefinementsophistication

3. Linguistic errorC2formal

   An incorrect or nonstandard expression in language, such as a misused word or phrase.

   语言错误

   • Using 'ain't' in formal writing is considered a barbarism.
   • The author's style was criticized for its barbarisms.
   • Linguists study barbarisms to understand language evolution.

   同义词corruptionimproprietymalapropismsolecismvulgarism