refinement

• 名词，指通过细微改动使某物得到改进的过程，或指优雅、精炼、高雅的品质。

A noun referring to the process of improving something by making small changes, or the quality of being elegant, polished, or sophisticated.

1. Improvement or polishB2formal

   The process of making something more precise, effective, or elegant.

   改进或完善

   • The software underwent several refinements before release.
   • Her writing style shows great refinement over the years.
   • The design needs further refinement to meet the client's expectations.

   同义词cultivationdelicacyeleganceenhancementfinenessimprovementpolishsophisticationsubtlety

   反义词coarsenesscrudenessroughness

2. Cultural sophisticationB2formal

   Elegance, good taste, and polite manners.

   修养

   • He is a man of great refinement and culture.
   • The party was a display of social refinement.
   • Her speech reflected a level of refinement that impressed everyone.

   同义词breedingcivilitycultivationcultureelegancefinessegentilitygracepolishsophisticationtasteurbanity

   反义词boorishnesscoarsenesscrudenessroughnessvulgarity

3. PurificationC1formalscientific

   The process of removing impurities or unwanted elements.

   提纯

   • The refinement of crude oil produces gasoline and other products.
   • Sugar refinement involves several stages of filtration.
   • The laboratory specializes in the refinement of rare metals.

   同义词clarificationcleansingdistillationfiltrationpurification

   反义词adulterationcontaminationcorruptionimpuritypollution