harsh

• 形容事物令人不适地粗糙、严酷或残忍，常指对感官或情感造成强烈的不快。也可指条件、环境或言行严厉、苛刻。

Describes something that is unpleasantly rough, severe, or cruel to the senses or feelings.

1. Unpleasantly rough or severeB1formal

   Describes something that is rough, severe, or unpleasant to the senses, especially touch, taste, or sound.

   刺耳/粗糙/严酷

   • The harsh winter wind made it difficult to walk.
   • The fabric felt harsh against her skin.
   • The harsh sound of the alarm woke everyone up.

   同义词abrasiveacridbittercoarsediscordantgratingjarringraucousroughscratchyseverestrident

   反义词gentlekindmildpleasantsmoothsofttender

2. Cruel or unkindB1formal

   Describes a person, action, or comment that is severe, critical, or lacking in kindness.

   刻薄

   • The teacher's harsh criticism upset the student.
   • He received a harsh punishment for his mistake.
   • Her harsh words left him feeling hurt.

   同义词brutalcallouscruelhardmeanruthlessseverespitefulsternunkind

   反义词benevolentcompassionategentlekindlenientmercifulmildtender

3. Severe or extremeB2formal

   Describes conditions or situations that are very difficult, extreme, or demanding.

   严酷的

   • The prisoners lived in harsh conditions.
   • The company faced harsh economic realities.
   • The desert climate is known for its harsh temperatures.

   同义词austerebrutaldemandingdifficultextremehardinclementrigorousseveretough

   反义词easyelementgentlelenientmildtolerant