roughened

• 描述表面变得粗糙或不平整，常由磨损、风化或有意处理造成。

Describes a surface that has been made rough or uneven, often through wear, weather, or deliberate action.

1. Made rough or unevenB2formal

   Describes a surface that has become rough, coarse, or uneven, often due to weather, use, or exposure.

   变粗糙的

   • His hands were roughened from years of manual labor.
   • The constant wind roughened the surface of the old wooden fence.
   • Her skin was roughened by the harsh winter cold.

   同义词bumpychafedcoarseirregularjaggedroughruggedunevenweatheredworn

   反义词flattenedpolishedsmoothed

• 动词，表示使某物表面变得粗糙、不光滑，或本身变得粗糙。

A verb used to indicate the act of making or becoming rough in texture or surface.

1. Make rough or rougherB2formal

   To cause a surface to become less smooth, more uneven, or coarser in texture.

   使粗糙

   • The constant wind and sand roughened the wooden deck.
   • You can roughen the surface of the clay before painting it.
   • Harsh weather conditions roughened the stone walls over time.

   同义词abradechafecoarsengraterasproughsandscrapescratch

   反义词flattenlevelpolishrefinesmooth