fouled

• 形容某物被污染、弄脏、败坏或感染；在体育中也用来形容球出界或犯规。

Describes something that has been made dirty, impure, or contaminated; also used in sports to describe a ball that has been hit out of bounds.

1. Made dirty or impureB2formal

   Contaminated or made unclean, often with waste or harmful substances.

   污染的

   • The river was fouled by industrial waste.
   • The air in the room was fouled by smoke.
   • The water supply was fouled by chemicals.

   同义词adulteratedbefouledcontaminatedcorrupteddefiledimpurepollutedsoiledtainted

   反义词cleanpuresanitarysterileuncontaminated

2. Entangled or obstructedB2formal

   Caught or twisted in something, preventing free movement.

   缠绕或被阻塞的

   • The ship's propeller was fouled by fishing nets.
   • The rope became fouled around the anchor.
   • The fishing line was fouled in the branches.

   同义词cloggedentangledjammedobstructedsnarledtangledtwisted

   反义词clearfreeunobstructed

3. In sports: having committed a foulB1informal

   Describes a player who has broken the rules of a game.

   犯规的

   • The player was fouled out of the game.
   • He was fouled while attempting a shot.
   • The referee called him fouled for the illegal tackle.

• 动词，指弄脏、污染或玷污某物；在体育中，指对对手犯规或违反规则。

A verb used to indicate the act of making something dirty, polluted, or impure, or in sports, committing an illegal action against an opponent.

1. Commit a foul in sportsB1formalsport

   To break the rules of a game by making an illegal move or contact.

   犯规

   • The player fouled his opponent during the match.
   • He was penalized for fouling the striker in the penalty area.
   • The referee called a foul when the defender fouled the attacker.

2. Make dirty or polluteB2formal

   To make something dirty, impure, or contaminated.

   弄脏

   • The factory's waste fouled the river.
   • Oil spills can foul the ocean for years.
   • The smoke from the fire fouled the air in the entire valley.

   同义词befoulbegrimebesmirchcontaminatedefilepollutesmearsoilstaintarnish

   反义词clarifycleanpurify

3. Entangle or obstructB2formal

   To cause something to become tangled or blocked.

   缠结或阻塞

   • The fishing line fouled around the propeller.
   • Debris fouled the engine, causing it to stop.
   • The rope fouled the anchor, preventing it from dropping.

   同义词blockcatchclogentanglejamobstructsnarltangle

   反义词clearfreeunblock

短语动词变体foul outfoul up