irritation

• 指恼怒、烦躁的情绪或状态；也指令人恼火的事物，以及皮肤等部位的轻微发炎或过敏反应。

A noun referring to the state of being annoyed, a sudden outburst of anger, or an uncomfortable feeling of mental distress; it can also denote abnormal sensitivity to stimulation or the act of troubling someone.

1. State of annoyanceB1informal

   The feeling of being slightly angry or frustrated, often due to something persistent or bothersome.

   恼怒

   • His constant tapping caused me great irritation.
   • She tried to hide her irritation at the delay.
   • The buzzing fly was a source of growing irritation.

   同义词aggravationannoyancechagrindispleasureexasperationfrustrationvexation

   反义词calmnesscontentmentdelightpleasuresatisfaction

2. Sudden angry outburstB2informal

   A brief, intense expression of annoyance or impatience.

   一阵恼怒

   • In a moment of irritation, he snapped at his friend.
   • She felt a flash of irritation when he interrupted her.
   • His irritation boiled over into a shouting match.

   同义词blowuperuptionexplosionfitflare-upoutbursttantrum

3. Abnormal sensitivity (pathology)B2formalmedical

   A medical condition where tissues or nerves react excessively to stimuli, causing discomfort or pain.

   刺激反应（病理）

   • The skin irritation cleared up with a soothing cream.
   • Eye irritation can result from exposure to smoke.
   • Chronic irritation of the stomach lining may lead to ulcers.

   同义词hypersensitivitysensitivitytenderness

4. Physiological arousalC1formalscientific

   The activation of an organ, muscle, or nerve by an external stimulus, often measured in neural or electrical terms.

   刺激

   • Nerve irritation can cause involuntary muscle twitching.
   • Electrical irritation of the heart muscle is used in pacemakers.
   • The doctor studied the irritation threshold of the nerve.

   同义词activationexcitationstimulation

5. Mental distressB2formal

   An uncomfortable feeling of emotional pain or unease, often less intense than outright suffering.

   心烦

   • The constant criticism caused him deep irritation.
   • She felt a vague irritation in the back of her mind.
   • The unresolved conflict created a lingering irritation for both parties.

   同义词annoyancebotherchagrindiscomfortdispleasuredisquietexasperationperturbationuneasevexation

   反义词calmcomfortcontentmenteasesoothing

6. Annoying behaviorB1informal

   Unfriendly or provocative actions that deliberately cause anger or resentment in others.

   挑衅

   • His constant irritation of his younger sister got him into trouble.
   • The teasing was meant as a playful irritation, but it hurt her feelings.
   • Minor irritations at work can build up over time.

   同义词aggravationannoyanceharassmentpesteringprovocationtauntingteasingvexation

7. Act of troubling someoneB1informal

   The deliberate action of disturbing or bothering another person, often repeatedly.

   烦扰

   • He took pleasure in the irritation of his classmates.
   • The constant phone calls were an irritation to her daily routine.
   • Stop the irritation of the dog by teasing it.

   同义词annoyancebotherationharassmentpesteringprovocationteasingvexation

   反义词assistancecomfortsoothing