fettered

• صفة قديمة تعني مقيدًا بالسلاسل أو الأغلال، وتُستخدم عادةً بالمعنى الحرفي؛ وهي نادرة الاستعمال حاليًا إلا في السياق الشعري أو التاريخي.

An archaic adjective meaning bound with chains or shackles, typically used in a literal sense; now rarely used except in poetic or historical contexts.

1. Bound with chainsC1formal

   Restrained or tied up with chains or shackles, typically on the feet.

   مُقَيَّدٌ بِالسَّلَاسِل

   • The prisoner was fettered and led to the dungeon.
   • Ancient slaves were often fettered to prevent escape.
   • He stood fettered in the corner of the cell.

   المرادفاتboundchainedshackled

   الأضدادfreeunboundunchainedunfettered

2. Restricted or constrainedC1formal

   Hindered or limited in freedom, progress, or action.

   مُقيَّد

   • The artist felt fettered by the strict rules of the academy.
   • Her creativity was fettered by bureaucratic red tape.
   • The economy remains fettered by outdated regulations.

   المرادفاتboundchainedconstrainedimpededlimitedrestrainedshackled

   الأضدادboundlessfreeliberatedunconstrainedunfetteredunrestrained

• يُقيِّد شخصًا أو شيئًا ويمنعه من الحركة أو التصرف بحرية، غالبًا بربطه بالقيود أو الأغلال.

A verb meaning to restrict or restrain someone or something, often by binding or limiting freedom of movement or action.

1. Restrain with chainsC1formal

   To put someone in chains or shackles, typically around the ankles.

   تقييد بالسلاسل

   • The prisoner was fettered to the wall of the dungeon.
   • They fettered the captive's legs to prevent escape.
   • In ancient times, slaves were often fettered.

   المرادفاتbindchainenchainhobblemanacleshackletether

   الأضدادfreeloosereleaseunbindunchain

2. Restrict or hinderC1formal

   To restrict someone's freedom or ability to act.

   تقييد الحرية

   • Bureaucratic rules fetter innovation in many companies.
   • The artist felt fettered by the strict guidelines of the commission.
   • His lack of confidence fettered his career progression.

   المرادفاتconfineconstraincurbencumberhamperimpederestrictshackletrammel

   الأضدادemancipatefreeliberaterelease