robust

• 形容事物强壮、健康、有活力；也指系统、物体或人稳固、结实、可靠。

Describes something that is strong, healthy, and vigorous; often used to refer to systems, objects, or people that are resilient and durable.

1. Strong and sturdyB2formal

   Having a strong, healthy, and resilient physical form or constitution.

   强壮结实

   • The robust oak tree withstood the heavy storm.
   • He maintained a robust physique through regular exercise.
   • The bridge is built with robust materials to ensure safety.

   同义词durablehardyhealthyruggedsolidstoutstrongsturdytoughvigorous

   反义词delicatefeeblefragilefrailinfirmweak

2. Rich and full flavorB2formal

   Describing a taste that is strong, rich, and full-bodied, often used for food or drink.

   醇厚

   • This coffee has a robust and earthy flavor.
   • The wine is known for its robust character.
   • The stew was simmered to a robust, savory taste.

   同义词boldflavorfulfull-bodiedheartyrichsavorystrong

   反义词blanddelicateflatmildthinwateryweak

3. Intellectually strongC1formal

   Capable of withstanding or overcoming intellectual challenges, criticism, or adversity.

   有力

   • The scientist presented a robust argument for her theory.
   • The company has a robust strategy for market competition.
   • His robust analysis convinced the committee.

   同义词cogentcompellingincisiveresilientrigoroussoundstrongvigorous

   反义词flimsyfragileshallowvulnerableweak

4. Rough and crudeC1informal

   Characterized by a rough, unrefined, or coarse manner or appearance.

   粗鲁的

   • His robust sense of humor was not appreciated in the formal setting.
   • The comedian's robust jokes offended some audience members.
   • She had a robust, no-nonsense way of speaking.

   同义词coarsecruderoughrudeunrefined

   反义词delicateelegantgracefulpolishedrefined